Gynecomastia is a condition in which males develop enlarged breast tissue, giving the chest a more prominent or feminine appearance. It can affect one or both breasts and may lead to discomfort or self-consciousness. Here’s detailed information about gynecomastia:

Causes:

• Hormonal Imbalance: An imbalance between estrogen and testosterone is the most common cause. It can occur during puberty, aging, or due to medical conditions.

• Medications: Certain drugs, including those for heart disease, psychiatric disorders, or prostate cancer, may trigger gynecomastia.

• Underlying Medical Conditions: Disorders of the endocrine system, liver, or kidneys can contribute.

• Substance Use: Anabolic steroids, marijuana, and alcohol may lead to breast tissue enlargement.

Symptoms:

• Swelling of one or both breasts

• Tenderness or sensitivity in the breast area

Diagnosis:
Diagnosis involves a physical exam, reviewing medical history, and tests to rule out medication or disease-related causes.

Treatment:

• Observation: Pubertal gynecomastia often resolves on its own.

• Medication: Addressing underlying causes or adjusting medications may help.

• Surgery: For persistent cases causing physical or psychological discomfort:

  • Liposuction: Removes excess fatty tissue.

  • Excision: Removes glandular tissue and reshapes the chest.

Complications:
Surgery risks include infection, bleeding, scarring, and changes in nipple sensation.

Consulting a qualified healthcare professional is essential to determine the cause and select the most appropriate treatment for gynecomastia.